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Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp.
subsp. contorta
Thallus of scattered to confluent, chalky-grey, more or less rounded, convex areoles, margin of thallus effuse with dispersed areoles; apothecia one or more per areole. Common on base-rich rocks, also as a "chewing-gum lichen" forming circular colonies on pavements (compare Aspicilia contorta subsp.hoffmanniana, Lecanora muralis).
Refs: Smith et al. (2009), 184; Purvis et al. (1992), 98; Wirth (1995), 1: 147, 149 (photo, more brownish variant); Dobson (2005), 74 (photo); Brodo et al. (2001), 169 (photo); van Herk & Aptroot (2004), 66-67 (photo).
Disused limestone quarry, Tomphubil, Perthshire, April 2003
On basalt ledges in disused quarry, Luffness, East Lothian, March 2007
Forming somewhat eroded, "chewing gum" patches on paving stones, Paisley, Renfrewshire, October 2008
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Uploaded March 2008, last modified June 2010 (first hosted at www-biol.paisley.ac.uk, December 2006)